With businesses focusing on generating profits, sustainability was not a popular concern among companies up until recently. Now, in an era of globalization, multinational corporations (those that conduct business in more than one country) and local businesses are no longer able to conduct destructive and unethical practices, such as polluting the environment, without attracting negative feedback from the general public. With increased media attention, pressure from non-governmental organizations, and rapid global information sharing, there is a surging demand from civil society, consumers, governments, and others for corporations to conduct sustainable business practices. In addition, in order to attract and retain employees and customers, companies are beginning to realize the... (more)

With businesses focusing on generating profits, sustainability was not a popular concern among companies up until recently. Now, in an era of globalization, multinational corporations (those that conduct business in more than one country) and local businesses are no longer able to conduct destructive and unethical practices, such as polluting the environment, without attracting negative feedback from the general public. With increased media attention, pressure from non-governmental organizations, and rapid global information sharing, there is a surging demand from civil society, consumers, governments, and others for corporations to conduct sustainable business practices. In addition, in order to attract and retain employees and customers, companies are beginning to realize the importance of being ethical
while running their daily operations. The corporate response has often meant an adoption of 'a new consciousness', and this has been known as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) since the 1970s.

As stated by the department of Trade and Industry in the United Kingdom, CSR represents "the integrity with which a company governs itself, fulfills its mission, lives by its values, engages with its stakeholders, measures its impact and reports on its activities". Although most people appreciate the recent advancement of CSR, some argue that corporations are still not doing enough or are only acting in self interest. These people say that multinational corporations are acting ethically in areas that are highly regulated, such as North America, but at the same time, they are acting in an opposite manner
in other parts of the world (such as using cheap or child labour). In addition, while corporations must have good CSR policies in order to maintain their reputation, they are also expected to maximize profits for stakeholders such as shareholders, employees, and customers.
Therefore, people argue that businesses do not put in a sufficient amount of resources to achieve what they have promised in their CSR policies.

In any case, companies are now expected to perform well in non-financial areas such as human rights, business ethics, environmental policies, corporate contributions, community development, corporate governance, and workplace issues. Some examples
of CSR are safe working conditions for employees, environmental stewardship, and contributions to community groups and charities. The problem is that many companies that claim to be socially responsible
often do not live up to such a standard. Because CSR is becoming more commonplace among corporations, there are concerns that some companies promote an image of CSR whether or not they have a true strategy in place and the results to show for. Accountability and transparency are key to conducting business in a responsible manner.
(wiki)